The relationship between communication and culture is a very complex and intimate relationship. First, culture is created through communication; that is, communication is the means of human interaction, through which cultural characteristics – whether customs, roles, rules, rituals, laws, or other models – are created and shared. When people interact in relationships, groups, organizations or societies, people start to create culture, not culture, which is a natural by-product of social interaction. In a sense, culture is the “residence” of social interaction. Without the means of communication and communication, it is impossible to spread cultural identity from one place to another. Therefore, it can be said that culture is created, shaped, disseminated, and learned through communication. The opposite is also true; that is to say, communication practice is mainly created, shaped and disseminated through culture.
To understand the meaning of this communication – cultural relationship, it is necessary to think from a continuous communication process rather than a single communication event. For example, when a three-person group meets for the first time, members bring in their personal experiences and behavioral patterns of previous communication experiences and other cultures that they have or have been part of. As individuals begin to communicate with other members of this new group, they begin to create a shared set of experiences and ways to talk about them. If the group continues to interact, a unique set of history, patterns, customs and rituals will change. Some of these cultural characteristics will be very visible and tangible, so newcomers joining the organization will encounter a continuing culture.
Culture will change over time. In fact, culture is changing – although changes are sometimes very slow and difficult to detect. Many forces influence cultural change. As mentioned above, culture is created through communication, and through communication between individuals, culture changes over time. Everyone who participates in the exchange will get the sum of his or her own experience from other (past or present) cultural members. In a sense, any encounter between a new relationship, group, organization, or individual in society is an intercultural communication event that affects individuals and culture over time. Travel and communication technologies have greatly accelerated the spread of information from one cultural environment to another, and in a large and small way, culture interacts through communication. Phrases such as “melting pot”, “world community” and “global village” illustrate the inevitability of cross-cultural influences and changes.
Culture is basically invisible. The characteristics of relationships, groups, organizations, or social culture are largely invisible to members, just as those who breathe it do not see the air. Of course, the language is visible, as are greeting conventions, special symbols, places and spaces. However, the special and defined meanings of these symbols, greetings, places and spaces to individuals in culture are far less obvious. For example, people can observe kissing people when they greet, but unless people have more cultural knowledge, it is difficult to determine what their relationship, group, organization or social and cultural context means. In other words, if there is no more cultural knowledge, it is hard to say if the kiss is a habitual greeting among casual acquaintances, or if such greetings are left to family or lovers. Another example is that steak is considered an excellent food in some cultures. However, if a person is a member of a vegan or sacred culture of cattle, the same steak will have a completely different cultural meaning.
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